One proposal of software middleware for heterogenous in-vehicle environments

Ова докторска дисертација се бави истраживањем из области софтверских платформи у модерним возилима. Са појавом савремених технологија, број и сложеност функција у возилима расте, док произвођачима аутомобила постаје све теже да одржавају такве разноврсне системе због чега конвергирају уједињавању функција, тј. коришћењу што мањег броја савремених чипова на којима би се реализовао што већи број функција. Циљ истраживања у оквиру ове докторске дисертације је да се на основу истраживања стања у области предложи архитектура средњег слоја софтвера за рачунарски систем у возилима, која ће представљати корак напред у поменутој тежњи произвођача аутомобила. Предложено решење треба да омогући и бржи и једноставнији развој апликација у хетерогеном окружењу возила. Решење је реализовано на више платформи са циљем провере функционалности, перформанси решења као и евалуације архитектурних особина које утичу на једноставан развој апликација. Основни допринос се огледа у предложеној спрези која омогућава бржи развој апликација.Ova doktorska disertacija se bavi istraživanjem iz oblasti softverskih platformi u modernim vozilima. Sa pojavom savremenih tehnologija, broj i složenost funkcija u vozilima raste, dok proizvođačima automobila postaje sve teže da održavaju takve raznovrsne sisteme zbog čega konvergiraju ujedinjavanju funkcija, tj. korišćenju što manjeg broja savremenih čipova na kojima bi se realizovao što veći broj funkcija. Cilj istraživanja u okviru ove doktorske disertacije je da se na osnovu istraživanja stanja u oblasti predloži arhitektura srednjeg sloja softvera za računarski sistem u vozilima, koja će predstavljati korak napred u pomenutoj težnji proizvođača automobila. Predloženo rešenje treba da omogući i brži i jednostavniji razvoj aplikacija u heterogenom okruženju vozila. Rešenje je realizovano na više platformi sa ciljem provere funkcionalnosti, performansi rešenja kao i evaluacije arhitekturnih osobina koje utiču na jednostavan razvoj aplikacija. Osnovni doprinos se ogleda u predloženoj sprezi koja omogućava brži razvoj aplikacija.This PhD thesis addressed the problem of the software platforms in the field of heterogeneous in-vehicle environments. With modern technologies, the number and complexity of functions in the vehicle is constantly growing. It becomes harder for OEMs (Original Equipment Manufacturer) to maintain such different systems, and as a result there is a tendency to use as few modern chips as possible in order to realize as many functions. The goal of the research within this PhD thesis is to propose, based on the research, software middleware architecture for modern vehicle systems, which will be a step forward in the mentioned aspiration of OEMs. The proposed solution should enable faster and easier development of the applications in such environment. The solution is implemented on the multiple hardware platforms in order to check functionality, performance and to evaluate architectural features that affect ease application development. The main contribution of the thesis is the proposed interface that allows faster and easier application development

One proposal of software middleware for heterogenous in-vehicle environments

Ова докторска дисертација се бави истраживањем из области софтверских платформи у модерним возилима. Са појавом савремених технологија, број и сложеност функција у возилима расте, док произвођачима аутомобила постаје све теже да одржавају такве разноврсне системе због чега конвергирају уједињавању функција, тј. коришћењу што мањег броја савремених чипова на којима би се реализовао што већи број функција. Циљ истраживања у оквиру ове докторске дисертације је да се на основу истраживања стања у области предложи архитектура средњег слоја софтвера за рачунарски систем у возилима, која ће представљати корак напред у поменутој тежњи произвођача аутомобила. Предложено решење треба да омогући и бржи и једноставнији развој апликација у хетерогеном окружењу возила. Решење је реализовано на више платформи са циљем провере функционалности, перформанси решења као и евалуације архитектурних особина које утичу на једноставан развој апликација. Основни допринос се огледа у предложеној спрези која омогућава бржи развој апликација.Ova doktorska disertacija se bavi istraživanjem iz oblasti softverskih platformi u modernim vozilima. Sa pojavom savremenih tehnologija, broj i složenost funkcija u vozilima raste, dok proizvođačima automobila postaje sve teže da održavaju takve raznovrsne sisteme zbog čega konvergiraju ujedinjavanju funkcija, tj. korišćenju što manjeg broja savremenih čipova na kojima bi se realizovao što veći broj funkcija. Cilj istraživanja u okviru ove doktorske disertacije je da se na osnovu istraživanja stanja u oblasti predloži arhitektura srednjeg sloja softvera za računarski sistem u vozilima, koja će predstavljati korak napred u pomenutoj težnji proizvođača automobila. Predloženo rešenje treba da omogući i brži i jednostavniji razvoj aplikacija u heterogenom okruženju vozila. Rešenje je realizovano na više platformi sa ciljem provere funkcionalnosti, performansi rešenja kao i evaluacije arhitekturnih osobina koje utiču na jednostavan razvoj aplikacija. Osnovni doprinos se ogleda u predloženoj sprezi koja omogućava brži razvoj aplikacija.This PhD thesis addressed the problem of the software platforms in the field of heterogeneous in-vehicle environments. With modern technologies, the number and complexity of functions in the vehicle is constantly growing. It becomes harder for OEMs (Original Equipment Manufacturer) to maintain such different systems, and as a result there is a tendency to use as few modern chips as possible in order to realize as many functions. The goal of the research within this PhD thesis is to propose, based on the research, software middleware architecture for modern vehicle systems, which will be a step forward in the mentioned aspiration of OEMs. The proposed solution should enable faster and easier development of the applications in such environment. The solution is implemented on the multiple hardware platforms in order to check functionality, performance and to evaluate architectural features that affect ease application development. The main contribution of the thesis is the proposed interface that allows faster and easier application development

Vinyl and imino derivatives of pyridine: synthesis, physico-chemical characterization, biological activity, and theoretical studies of electronic structure

Предмет истраживања ове докторске дисертације је синтеза, структурна карактеризација винил и имино деривата пиридина и испитивање њихове потенцијалне биолошке активности. Синтетисане су три серије једињења:1. симетрични 1-метил-2,6-(bis)[2-(супституисани фенил)етенил]пиридинијум-јодиди (bis(винил)пиридинијум-јодиди – БВПЈ)2. симетрични N,N'-(пиридин-2,6-диил)bis[1-(супституисани фенил)]метанимини (bis(имино)пиридини – БИП)3. асиметрични дихидразони тиокарбохидразида (дТКХ)...The main topic of this doctoral dissertation is the synthesis, structural characterization, and examination of potential biological activities of vinyl and imino derivatives of pyridine. Three series of compounds were synthesized:1. Symmetric 1-methyl-2,6-(bis)[2-(substituted phenyl)ethenyl]pyridinium iodide (bis(vinyl) pyridinium-iodide – БВПЈ)2. Symmetric N,N'-(pyridine-2,6-diyl)bis[1-(substituted phenyl)]methanimines (bis(imino)pyridines – БИП)3. asymmetric thiocarbohydrazide dihydrazones (дТКХ)..

Materijalni i procesni uslovi za zasnivanje odnosa roditelja i deteta u savremenom porodičnom pravu

The subject of this paper are, primarily, the methods of determining and disputing maternity and paternity, regulated by the Family law on the Republic of Serbia. In order to shed light on them in a comprehensive way, we will divide the work into four logical units, ie. four chapters. In the first chapter, we will present general concepts about the parent-child relationship, its basic manifestations and legal phenomena that are directly related to it. In the next chapter, we will deal with the material and procedural aspects of the child's family status, trying to clarify its characteristics in the domestic and the rights of individual European countries (France, Germany, Austria, Montenegro, Croatia, Russia). Therefore, we will research the methods for determining maternity in domestic and comparative law, pointing out that in some countries it can be based on recognition, and not only on the entry of data on the mother in the birth register and, possibly, on the verdict. In the sphere of paternity rules, we will distinguish between marital and extramarital paternity, so we will underline the different conditions that must be met in certain countries in order for the (ex)husband of the mother to be considered the father of the child. We will also present the different conditions for challenging marital paternity and the practice of the ECHR on this issue. In the domain of extramarital paternity, we will compare domestic and foreign rules on the conditions for his recognition and on the possibilities of oppugning him. In the procedural part of the paper, we will pay special attention to actively legitimized persons for initiating litigation to determine and challenge maternity and paternity, and to the deadlines prescribed in domestic and analyzed foreign laws. The third chapter will be dedicated to the issue of establishing parenthood with biomedical assistance, and in it we will present the general rules on these procedures in domestic and comparative law, the types of these procedures and their disputable elements. We will pay special attention to surrogacy, from the point of view of existing proposals in domestic law and positive solutions from comparative law. Given the importance of this institution, in this part of the research we will deal with the rights of those countries that we have not studied in the course of work so far, and in which surrogacy is allowed, such as Greece, Canada, Ukraine, Macedonia, Great Britain and the USA. We will deal with the conditions under which it is allowed, its types (commercial and non-commercial, complete and incomplete subrogation, posthumous insemination of a surrogate mother), ways and conditions of using the services of a surrogate mother, contractual rights and obligations of intended parents and surrogate mother, status of the child surrogate mother. We will also analyze the characteristic decisions of the ECHR concerning surrogacy, which may be a kind of roadmap for the Serbian legislator. In the last chapter, researching the rules on adoption, we will deal with its concept, historical development, functions, material and formal conditions for its establishment, types, effect and methods and consequences of its termination. As the Preliminary draft proposes a return to incomplete adoption, which was not so long ago present in Serbian family law, we will also express our opinion on it. Considering that the biggest differences between domestic and certain foreign laws are manifested in the sphere of the age difference between adopters and adoptees, we will deal with it in particular, in order to draw a conclusion about the one that best suits natural laws and modern needs. We will point out the importance of the best interest of the child as a condition for establishing adoption, both in domestic and comparative law, and in the practice of the ECHR

The role of humoral immune response in the aetiopathogenesis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

Amiotrofična lateralna skleroza (ALS) je fatalna neurodegenerativna bolest sa početkom u adultnom dobu koja se karakteriše progresivnim gubitkom gornjih i donjih motoneurona, što dovodi do atrofije muskulature, mišićne paralize i smrti usled slabosti respiratorne muskulature. Oko 5-10% ALS slučajeva su sa familijarnom istorijom bolesti (fALS), dok su preostali slučajevi sporadični (sALS) sa nepoznatim uzrokom bolesti. Cilj ove disertacije bio je da proceni efekat imunoglobulina G (IgG) izolovanog iz sALS bolesnika (ALS IgG) na homeostazu kalcijuma i mobilnost endozoma/lizozoma kod pacovskih kortikalnih astrocita u kulturi. ALS IgG (0.1 mg/ml) poreklom od 7 ALS pacijenata, za razliku od IgG iz 3 kontrolne osobe, izazvao je prolazne promene unutarćelijske koncentracije kalcijuma (Ca2+-talas) u astrocitima. Povećana aktivnost kalcijuma detektovana je kod oko polovine astrocita nakon tretmana sa ALS IgG, bez obzira na prisustvo vanćelijskog kalcijuma (47,5 ± 12,9 %, 2 mM Ca2+ naspram 48,2 ± 13,6 %, 0 mM Ca2+). U prisustvu vanćelijskog kalcijuma, maksimalna vrednost promene dostignuta je ~3x brže (19,7 ± 2,8 s, 2 mM Ca2+ naspram 56,3 ± 6,8 s, 0 mM Ca2+) i ukupno povećanje kalcijuma (površina pod Ca2+-talasom) bilo je ~1.7x veće (26,0 ± 1,6 F/F0 *s, 2 mM Ca2+ naspram 15,6 ± 1.1 F/F0 *s, 0 mM Ca2+), ali vanćelijski kalcijum nije uticao na maksimum amplitude kalcijumovog talasa. Primena farmakoloških inhibitora otkrila je da je aktivacija inozotol 1,4,5-trifosfatnog (IP3), za razliku od rianodinskog receptora neophodna i dovoljna da inicira povećanu aktivnost, a ulazak kalcijuma kroz TRPC kanale produžava odgovor. Inhibicija fosfolipaze C (PLC) umanjuje, dok inhibicija fosfatidilinozitol-3-kinaze (PI3K) u potpunosti sprečava tipičan ALS IgG-izazvan kalcijumski odgovor. Populacija vezikula obeleženih lizotrekerom koji boji endozome i lizozome, sastojala se od stacionarnih vezikula (6,1%) sa prosečnom brzinom koja nije prelazila 67 nm/s i mobilnih vezikula (93.9%) čija je ukupna dužina putanje (TL) pređene za 15 s iznosila u proseku 3,03±0,01 μm. ALS IgG (0.1 mg/ml) poreklom iz 12 od 13 ALS bolesnika povećao je TL mobilnih vezikula za ~24% i maksimalni pomeraj (MD) za ~26% tokom praćenih 4 min, za razliku od kontrolnih IgG (poreklom od 4 osobe) koji nisu uticali na mobilnost vezikula. ALS IgG-izazvano povećanje mobilnosti bilo je manje izraženo u rastvoru bez Ca2+, što ukazuje da su promene u homeostazi kalcijuma uključene u proces kojim ALS IgG povećava mobilnost vezikula. Interesantno, ALS IgG kao i ATP (1 mM) nisu uticali na oslobađanje sadržaja vezikula, što znači da je brza i kompletna egzocitoza malo verovatan događaj kod astrocita u kulturi u našim eksperimentalnim uslovima. Sumarno, ALS IgG utiče na kalcijumovu homeostazu astrocita preko IP3-posredovanog oslobađanja kalcijuma iz endoplazmatičnog retikuluma i ulaska kalcijuma kroz TRPC kanale, uz aktivaciju PI3K uzvodno od PLC. ALS IgG povećavaju mobilnost endozoma i lizozoma, a ovaj efekat delimično zavisi od vanćelijskog kalcijuma. Ova studija je otkrila molekulske mehanizme kojima astrociti postaju meta humoralnog imunskog odgovora u ALS, što može da doprinese etiopatogenezi bolesti.Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is an adult onset fatal neurodegenerative disease characterized mainly by the progressive loss of upper and lower motor neurons resulting in wasting, paresis and death from respiratory failure. Approximately 5-10% of ALS cases are familial (fALS), while the rest are sporadic (sALS) with unknown cause of disease. The objective of this dissertation was to evaluate the effect of immunoglobulin G (IgG) isolated from sALS patients (ALS IgG) on calcium homeostasis and mobility of endosomes/lysosomes in cultured rat cortical astrocytes. ALS IgG (0.1 mg/ml) from 7 ALS patients, but not IgG from 3 control individuals evoked calcium transients (Ca2+-waves) in astrocytes. About half of the tested astrocytes responded with elevated calcium activity regardless of the presence of extracellular calcium (47.5 ± 12.9 %, 2 mM Ca2+ vs. 48.2 ± 13.6 %, 0 mM Ca2+). In presence of extracellular calcium, the peak amplitude developed ~3x faster (19.7 ± 2.8 s, 2 mM Ca2+ vs. 56.3 ± 6.8 s, 0 mM Ca2+) and the overall magnitude of calcium rise (area under the Ca2+-wave) was ~1.7x larger (26.0 ± 1.6 F/F0 *s, 2 mM Ca2+ vs. 15.6 ± 1.1 F/F0 *s, 0 mM Ca2+), while the peak amplitude itself was not affected. Application of pharmacological inhibitors revealed that activation of inositol 1,4,5- triphosphate (IP3), but not of ryanodine receptors is necessary and sufficient to initiate elevated activity, while the influx of extracellular calcium through TRPC channels prolongs the responses. Inhibition of phospholipase C (PLC) diminishes, while the inhibition of phosphatidilinositol-3-kinase (PI3K) completely prevents typical ALS IgG evoked calcium response. The population of vesicles labeled with lysotracker that mainly stains endosomes and lysosomes, consisted of non-mobile (6.1%) vesicles with the average speed of <67 nm/s and mobile vesicles (93.9%) with total track length (TL) in 15 s averaging at 3.03±0.01 μm. ALS IgG (0.1 mg/ml) from 12 of 13 patients increased the TL of mobile vesicles by ~24% and the maximal displacement (MD) by ~26% within 4 min, while IgG from control group (n=4) did not alter the vesicle mobility. The mobility enhancement by ALS IgG was less pronounced in Ca2+-free extracellular solution, indicating that ALS IgG vesicle mobility enhancement involves changes in Ca2+ homeostasis. Interestingly, neither ALS IgG nor ATP (1 mM) triggered the release of vesicular cargo, making rapid and complete exocytosis unlikely in cultured astrocytes in our experimental conditions. In conclusion, ALS IgG affect calcium homeostatic system in astrocytes by IP3 mediated calcium release from the endoplasmic reticulum and entry of extracellular calcium through TRPC channels, with the activation of PI3K upstream of PLC. ALS IgG enhance the mobility of endosomes and lysosomes, and this effect is partialy dependent on extracellular calcium. This study revealed the molecular mechanisms by which astrocytes become targeted cells for humoral immune response in ALS that could contribute to the aetiopathogenesis of the disease

Vinyl and imino derivatives of pyridine: synthesis, physico-chemical characterization, biological activity, and theoretical studies of electronic structure

Предмет истраживања ове докторске дисертације је синтеза, структурна карактеризација винил и имино деривата пиридина и испитивање њихове потенцијалне биолошке активности. Синтетисане су три серије једињења: 1. симетрични 1-метил-2,6-(bis)[2-(супституисани фенил)етенил]пиридинијум-јодиди (bis(винил)пиридинијум-јодиди – БВПЈ) 2. симетрични N,N'-(пиридин-2,6-диил)bis[1-(супституисани фенил)]метанимини (bis(имино)пиридини – БИП) 3. асиметрични дихидразони тиокарбохидразида (дТКХ)...The main topic of this doctoral dissertation is the synthesis, structural characterization, and examination of potential biological activities of vinyl and imino derivatives of pyridine. Three series of compounds were synthesized: 1. Symmetric 1-methyl-2,6-(bis)[2-(substituted phenyl)ethenyl]pyridinium iodide (bis(vinyl) pyridinium-iodide – БВПЈ) 2. Symmetric N,N'-(pyridine-2,6-diyl)bis[1-(substituted phenyl)]methanimines (bis(imino)pyridines – БИП) 3. asymmetric thiocarbohydrazide dihydrazones (дТКХ)..

MLP ANN Condition Assessment Model of the Turbogenerator Shaft A6 HPP Đerdap 2

This paper describes a model for estimating the condition of the shafts of turbines of the current generator in Hydropower plant Đerdap 2. For this purpose, an integral diagnostic approach was used. Based on the diagnostics of the condition of the shaft and the estimated lifetime, a multi-layer perceptron (MLP) based artificial neural network (ANN) is built, which is able to estimate the remaining lifespan of the turbine shaft. The MLP ANN model has not been made in this way on turbogenerators of hydroelectric power plant Đerdap 2 until now. The significance of this approach is that experiment brings about topology of ML ANN (number of neurons and layers) which is optimal for this model, training and testing. Results obtained from the neural network can be further used for decision-making about the moment of diagnosis or maintenance actions, as well as reducing stagnation and production losses

Upcycling of the Used Cigarette Butt Filters through Pyrolysis Process: Detailed Kinetic Mechanism with Bio-Char Characterization

Thermo-chemical conversion via the pyrolysis of cigarette butt (CB) filters was successfully valorized and upcycled in the pre-carbonization and carbonization stages. The pre-carbonization stage (devolatilization) of the precursor material (cellulose acetate filter, r-CAcF) was analyzed by micro-scale experiments under non-isothermal conditions using TG-DTG-DTA and DSC techniques. The results of a detailed kinetic study showed that the decomposition of r-CAcF takes place via complex mechanisms, including consecutive reaction steps and two single-step reactions. Consecutive stages include the α-transition referred to as a cellulose polymorphic transformation (cellulose I → II) through crystallization mechanism changes, where a more thermodynamically ordered system was obtained. It was found that the transformation rate of cellulose I → II (‘cellulose regeneration’) is strongly affected by the presence of alkali metals and the deacetylation process. Two single-step reactions showed significant overlapping behavior, which involves a nucleation-controlled scission mechanism (producing levoglucosan, gaseous products, and abundant radicals) and hydrolytic decomposition of cellulose by catalytic cleavage of glycosidic bonds with the presence of an acidic catalyst. A macro-scale experiment showed that the operating temperature and heating rate had the most notable effects on the total surface area of the manufactured carbon. A substantial degree of mesoporosity with a median pore radius of 3.1695 nm was identified. The presence of macroporosity on the carbon surface and acidic surface functional groups was observed

Risk education in Serbia

Natural disaster risk reduction can be achieved through vulnerability reduction, as well as through strengthening the resilience of the population. One of the segments leading to these aims is a proper risk education. It is the public (compulsory) education system that reaches the greatest number of participants and represents a good platform for the natural disaster knowledge transfer. Geography, as a complex subject that includes both natural and social components, is the most appropriate to transfer the knowledge necessary to improve the resilience. Research done in Serbia (detailed analyses of curricula, textbooks, teachers' role and pupils' knowledge) shows that children do learn about natural disasters but not in a way which provides usable knowledge

Temporal analysis of electroretinographic responses in fishes with rod-dominated and mixed rod-cone retina

Photoreceptor content of fish retinas could be accessed by comparative electroretinographic (ERG) studies using flickering light stimuli that could separate rod-mediated vision where critical flicker frequency (CFE, frequency when the eye loses its ability to resolve individual light pulses) is usually less than 15 Hz from cone-mediated vision. Four fish species inhabiting different photic environments (small-spotted dogfish shark - Scyliorhinus canicula, eel - Anguilla anguilla, painted comber - Serranus scriba, Prussian carp - Carassius gibelio) were investigated. Dogfish shark b-wave amplitudes significantly decreased at low frequency of stimulation and CFF was reached at 3.2 Hz. A similar effect on the b-wave amplitude was observed in the eel, but CFF occurred at around 20 Hz. Conversely, b-waves of painted comber and Prussian carp remained unaltered under intermittent low-frequency stimulation, and CFFs were around 25 and 30 Hz, respectively. Additional support in accessing the receptor content of fish retinas was given by the characterization of the OFF-response (d-wave) after light adaptation. Monotonous time course of the b-wave dark adaptation indicated a rod dominated retina of the dogfish shark. Observed results indicate that the dogfish shark possesses preponderantly rod retina, that of the eel is rod-dominated, while Prussian carp and painted comber have cone-rich retinae